184

12 Microbes and Agri-Food Waste as Novel Sources of Biosorbents

Table 12.1

Biosorption mechanism of various microbes and agri-food waste.

Contaminant

Microbe/agri-food

waste

Biosorbent

Results

References

Chromium

Microbe

Arthrobacter

viscosus

Bacteria, in combination

with zeolite, resulted in

high removal rate of Cr at

higher pH values in which

this Cr biosorption was

highly pH-dependent

[29]

Lead

Microbe

Bacillus

xiamenensis

Highest Pb²⁺ uptake of

216.75 and 207.4 mg/g was

observed with both live

and dead biomass of

bacteria, respectively,

through surface

adsorption mechanism

[30]

Gold

Microbe

Lysinibacillus

sphaericus

Showed greater efficiency

(100%) after 3 h of

exposure, for the removal

of precious metal

[31]

Gold

Microbe

Cyanobacteria

Exopolysaccharide

producing cyanobacteria

showed efficient

biosorption of Au from the

wastewaters

[32]

Malathion

Microbe

Spirogyra

Spirogyra alga removed

76.34% of Malathion at pH

7, using biomass amount

of 75 mg and a contact

time of 5 h

[33]

Copper and

silver

Microbe

Sargassum

filipendula

Cu²⁺ ions exhibited a

maximum affinity for

seaweed from alginate

extraction in which

external diffusion showed

the crucial part in Cu²⁺

biosorption kinetics

[34]

Cobalt and

nickel

Agri-food

waste

Watermelon

rind

Elevation in the pH from 2

to 7 resulted in an

escalation of the

adsorption potential,

however, at greater than

5 pH, adsorption uptake

rate reduced due to the

establishment of soluble

hydroxyl compounds.

FTIR analysis showed the

involvement of acidic

groups and carboxyl and

hydroxyl groups in the

adsorption

[35]

(Continued)